三、Models设计

3.1.项目初始化

（1）进虚拟环境下安装

• django2.0.2
• djangorestframework和相关依赖mark,filter
• pillow  图片处理

pip install djangorestframeworkpip install -i https://pypi.douban.com/simple django==2.0.2pip install markdownpip install django-filter pip install pillow pip install pymysql

（2）创建项目

• 项目：MxShop
• app：users

 

 interpreter选择虚拟环境里面的python.exe

 

（3）Mysql的配置

settings中设置

DATABASES = {    'default': {        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',        'NAME': 'mxshop',        #数据库名字        'USER': 'root',          #账号        'PASSWORD': '123456',    #密码        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',     #IP        'PORT': '3306',          #端口        #这里引擎用innodb（默认myisam）        #因为后面第三方登录时，要求引擎为INNODB        # 'OPTIONS':{'init_command': 'SET storage_engine=INNODB'}, #这样设置会报错，改为        "OPTIONS":{"init_command":"SET default_storage_engine=INNODB;"}    }}

安装Mysqlclient

下载地址：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

安装

pip install mysqlclient-1.3.12-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64

__init__.py添加代码：

import pymysqlpymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

（4）项目目录结构搭建

新建两个python package

• extra_apps   （扩展的源码包）
• apps              （放所有app）

新建两个文件夹

• media       （保存图片）
• db_tools   （数据库相关）

把extra_apps和apps标记为sources root,然后settings中也要加路径

#settings.pyimport syssys.path.insert(0,BASE_DIR)sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'apps'))sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'extra_apps'))

现在项目目录如下：

 

3.2.users models设计

（1）创建三个app

• goods        商品
• trade          交易
• user_operation       用户操作

（2）users/models.py

# users/models.py__author__ = 'derek'from datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUserclass UserProfile(AbstractUser):    """    用户信息    """    GENDER_CHOICES = (        ("male", u"男"),        ("female", u"女")    )    #用户用手机注册，所以姓名，生日和邮箱可以为空    name = models.CharField("姓名",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True)    birthday = models.DateField("出生年月",null=True, blank=True)    gender = models.CharField("性别",max_length=6, choices=GENDER_CHOICES, default="female")    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)    email = models.EmailField("邮箱",max_length=100, null=True, blank=True)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "用户信息"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.usernameclass VerifyCode(models.Model):    """    验证码    """    code = models.CharField("验证码",max_length=10)    mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "短信验证"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.code

要想替换系统的用户，还要在settings中配置

#settings.py#重载系统的用户，让UserProfile生效AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.UserProfile'

（3）这里UserProfile继承AbstractUser,可以看看AbstractUser的源码

 

 

3.3.goods的model设计

（1）安装

• xadmin                              
• DjangoUeditor                  

 安装好后把xadmin和DjangoUeditor放到extra_apps目录下面

 

（2）把四个app、xadmin和DjangoUeditor添加到 INSTALLED_APPS中

INSTALLED_APPS = [    'django.contrib.auth',    'django.contrib.contenttypes',    'django.contrib.sessions',    'django.contrib.messages',    'django.contrib.staticfiles',    'users',    'goods',    'trade',    'user_operation',    'rest_framework',    'xadmin',    'crispy_forms',    'DjangoUeditor']

 设置media的保存路径

#settings.pyMEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "media")

（3）商品分类model 设计

class GoodsCategory(models.Model):    """    商品分类    """    CATEGORY_TYPE = (        (1, "一级类目"),        (2, "二级类目"),        (3, "三级类目"),    )    name = models.CharField('类别名',default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别名")    code = models.CharField("类别code",default="", max_length=30,help_text="类别code")    desc = models.TextField("类别描述",default="",help_text="类别描述")    #目录树级别    category_type = models.IntegerField("类目级别",choices=CATEGORY_TYPE,help_text="类目级别")    # 设置models有一个指向自己的外键    parent_category = models.ForeignKey("self", on_delete=models.CASCADE, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="父类目级别", help_text="父目录",                                        related_name="sub_cat")    is_tab = models.BooleanField("是否导航",default=False,help_text="是否导航")    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "商品类别"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.name

 

 

 

 （4）商品model设计

class Goods(models.Model):    """    商品    """    category = models.ForeignKey(GoodsCategory, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品类目")    goods_sn = models.CharField("商品唯一货号",max_length=50, default="")    name = models.CharField("商品名",max_length=100,)    click_num = models.IntegerField("点击数",default=0)    sold_num = models.IntegerField("商品销售量",default=0)    fav_num = models.IntegerField("收藏数",default=0)    goods_num = models.IntegerField("库存数",default=0)    market_price = models.FloatField("市场价格",default=0)    shop_price = models.FloatField("本店价格",default=0)    goods_brief = models.TextField("商品简短描述",max_length=500)    goods_desc = UEditorField(verbose_name=u"内容", imagePath="goods/images/", width=1000, height=300,                              filePath="goods/files/", default='')    ship_free = models.BooleanField("是否承担运费",default=True)    # 首页中展示的商品封面图    goods_front_image = models.ImageField(upload_to="goods/images/", null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="封面图")    # 首页中新品展示    is_new = models.BooleanField("是否新品",default=False)    # 商品详情页的热卖商品，自行设置    is_hot = models.BooleanField("是否热销",default=False)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = '商品信息'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.nameclass GoodsImage(models.Model):    """    商品轮播图    """    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", related_name="images")    image = models.ImageField(upload_to="", verbose_name="图片", null=True, blank=True)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = '商品轮播'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.goods.name

 

 

 （4）首页商品轮播图model设计

因为首页的商品轮播图片是大图，跟商品详情里面的图片不一样，所以要单独写一个首页轮播图model

class Banner(models.Model):    """    首页轮播的商品    """    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")    image = models.ImageField(upload_to='banner', verbose_name="轮播图片")    index = models.IntegerField("轮播顺序",default=0)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = '首页轮播'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.goods.name

 

 

（5）商品广告和热搜model

class HotSearchWords(models.Model):    """    搜索栏下方热搜词    """    keywords = models.CharField("热搜词",default="", max_length=20)    index = models.IntegerField("排序",default=0)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间", default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = '热搜排行'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.keywords

 

 

3.4.trade交易的model设计

trade/models.py

# trade/models.py__author__ = 'derek'from datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom goods.models import Goods# get_user_model方法会去setting中找AUTH_USER_MODELfrom django.contrib.auth import get_user_modelUser = get_user_model()# Create your models here.class ShoppingCart(models.Model):    """    购物车    """    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")    nums = models.IntegerField("购买数量",default=0)    add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加时间")    class Meta:        verbose_name = '购物车喵'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name        unique_together = ("user", "goods")    def __str__(self):        return "%s(%d)".format(self.goods.name, self.nums)class OrderInfo(models.Model):    """    订单信息    """    ORDER_STATUS = (        ("TRADE_SUCCESS", "成功"),        ("TRADE_CLOSED", "超时关闭"),        ("WAIT_BUYER_PAY", "交易创建"),        ("TRADE_FINISHED", "交易结束"),        ("paying", "待支付"),    )    PAY_TYPE = (        ("alipay", "支付宝"),        ("wechat", "微信"),    )    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")    #订单号唯一    order_sn = models.CharField("订单编号",max_length=30, null=True, blank=True, unique=True)    # 微信支付会用到    nonce_str = models.CharField("随机加密串",max_length=50, null=True, blank=True, unique=True)    # 支付宝交易号    trade_no = models.CharField("交易号",max_length=100, unique=True, null=True, blank=True)    #支付状态    pay_status = models.CharField("订单状态",choices=ORDER_STATUS, default="paying", max_length=30)    # 订单的支付类型    pay_type = models.CharField("支付类型",choices=PAY_TYPE, default="alipay", max_length=10)    post_script = models.CharField("订单留言",max_length=200)    order_mount = models.FloatField("订单金额",default=0.0)    pay_time = models.DateTimeField("支付时间",null=True, blank=True)    # 用户信息    address = models.CharField("收货地址",max_length=100, default="")    signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=20, default="")    singer_mobile = models.CharField("联系电话",max_length=11)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "订单信息"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return str(self.order_sn)class OrderGoods(models.Model):    """    订单内的商品详情    """    # 一个订单对应多个商品    order = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="订单信息", related_name="goods")    # 两个外键形成一张关联表    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品")    goods_num = models.IntegerField("商品数量",default=0)    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "订单商品"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return str(self.order.order_sn)

 

3.5.用户操作的model设计

user_operation/models.py

# user_operation/models.py__author__ = 'derek'from datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom goods.models import Goodsfrom django.contrib.auth import get_user_modelUser = get_user_model()class UserFav(models.Model):    """    用户收藏操作    """    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")    goods = models.ForeignKey(Goods, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="商品", help_text="商品id")    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = '用户收藏'        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name        unique_together = ("user", "goods")    def __str__(self):        return self.user.usernameclass UserAddress(models.Model):    """    用户收货地址    """    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户" )    province = models.CharField("省份",max_length=100, default="")    city = models.CharField("城市",max_length=100, default="")    district = models.CharField("区域",max_length=100, default="")    address = models.CharField("详细地址",max_length=100, default="")    signer_name = models.CharField("签收人",max_length=100, default="")    signer_mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11, default="")    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "收货地址"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.addressclass UserLeavingMessage(models.Model):    """    用户留言    """    MESSAGE_CHOICES = (        (1, "留言"),        (2, "投诉"),        (3, "询问"),        (4, "售后"),        (5, "求购")    )    user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name="用户")    message_type = models.IntegerField(default=1, choices=MESSAGE_CHOICES, verbose_name="留言类型",                                      help_text=u"留言类型: 1(留言),2(投诉),3(询问),4(售后),5(求购)")    subject = models.CharField("主题",max_length=100, default="")    message = models.TextField("留言内容",default="",help_text="留言内容")    file = models.FileField(upload_to="message/images/", verbose_name="上传的文件", help_text="上传的文件")    add_time = models.DateTimeField("添加时间",default=datetime.now)    class Meta:        verbose_name = "用户留言"        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name    def __str__(self):        return self.subject